成矿动力系统在混沌边缘的分形生长——一种新的成矿理论与方法论     

於崇文 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2002,21(2):103-113

笔将复杂性理论及非线性科学与矿床地质学相结合,对我国扬子古陆周缘6个矿集区的基本范式进行系统研究。结果指出,成矿系统总体上是开放、远离平衡、时－空延展的动力学系统。它们具有复杂性和自组织临界性的内禀基本属性,并且在混沌边缘分形生长。  相似文献   

The effects of rock uplift and rock resistance on river morphology in a subduction zone forearc,Oregon, USA     

Sam VanLaningham  Andrew Meigs  Chris Goldfinger 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2006,31(10):1257-1279

Relationships between riverbed morphology, concavity, rock type and rock uplift rate are examined to independently unravel the contribution of along-strike variations in lithology and rates of vertical deformation to the topographic relief of the Oregon coastal mountains. Lithologic control on river profile form is reflected by convexities and knickpoints in a number of longitudinal profiles and by general trends of concavity as a function of lithology. Volcanic and sedimentary rocks are the principal rock types underlying the northern Oregon Coast Ranges (between 46°30′ and 45°N) where mixed bedrock–alluvial channels dominate. Average concavity, θ, is 0·57 in this region. In the alluviated central Oregon Coast Ranges (between 45° and 44°N) values of concavity are, on average, the highest (θ = 0·82). South of 44°N, however, bedrock channels are common and θ = 0·73. Mixed bedrock–alluvial channels characterize rivers in the Klamath Mountains (from 43°N south; θ = 0·64). Rock uplift rates of ≥0·5 mm a⁻¹, mixed bedrock–alluvial channels, and concavities of 0·53–0·70 occur within the northernmost Coast Ranges and Klamath Mountains. For rivers flowing over volcanic rocks θ = 0·53, and θ = 0·72 for reaches crossing sedimentary rocks. Whereas channel type and concavity generally co-vary with lithology along much of the range, rivers between 44·5° and 43°N do not follow these trends. Concavities are generally greater than 0·70, alluvial channels are common, and river profiles lack knickpoints between 44·5° and 44°N, despite the fact that lithology is arguably invariant. Moreover, rock uplift rates in this region vary from low, ≤0·5 mm a⁻¹, to subsidence (<0 mm a⁻¹). These observations are consistent with models of transient river response to a decrease in uplift rate. Conversely, the rivers between 44° and 43°N have similar concavities and flow on the same mapped bedrock unit as the central region, but have bedrock channels and irregular longitudinal profiles, suggesting the river profiles reflect a transient response to an increase in uplift rate. If changes in rock uplift rate explain the differences in river profile form and morphology, it is unlikely that rock uplift and erosion are in steady state in the Oregon coastal mountains. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

不受地理位置限制的地热和太阳能联合发电系统   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周刚  倪晓阳  李金锋 《地球科学》2006,31(3):394-398

为解决能源问题,开发可再生能源,利用闭式循环将地热系统和太阳能系统联合起来发电.发电系统可以避免因大规模开发利用地热水资源可能造成的地震、地面沉降、地热水资源衰减、地热水有害成分污染、热污染等环境问题,也可以克服地热发电和太阳能发电受地理位置限制的缺点.地热系统地下部分由两垂深3～5km的井在井底由一5～7km的水平井连接而成,水平井中流体温度可达150℃左右,适合于ORC发电.太阳能系统采用槽式聚光镜集热,集热流体可选水或油,最高温度可达350℃以上.ORC一级循环工质为水,二级循环工质为异丁烷;ORC发电效率,白天最大为20%,晚上最大为12%.系统采用化学储能,储能密度为显热储能和潜热储能的10倍以上.钻井和完井、太阳能热能转换、载热流体、ORC和储能等技术的研究结果证明该系统是可行的.  相似文献   

地下闭式循环地热交换发电系统简介     

周刚  李金锋  Helmut WOLFF  汤凤林 《地质科技情报》2006,25(4):105-108

为解决能源问题而提出了地下闭式循环地热交换发电系统.该系统地下部分通过全井下套管形成一个封闭系统,克服了传统地热发电和干热岩发电受地质条件制约、对环境造成危害等缺点,是一种新型的不依赖位置、环境友好的地热发电系统.采用大位移技术进行钻井,应用悬链线技术对井身剖面结构进行了优化,提出了地下连接技术要求,应用分支井和膨胀套管技术固井,设计了水泥配方并进行了相关试验,优化了载热流体,计算了有机工质朗肯循环(ORC)的发电效率.  相似文献   

大功率电法勘查铝土矿的效果     

袁树森  刘振山  李玉芹  陈晓明 《矿产与地质》2006,20(6):682-685

简要地阐述了河南省西部铝土矿形成的地质背景、矿体特征、地球物理特性;探讨利用大功率电法勘查铝土矿的方法技术;举例说明大功率电法的找矿效果,客观地指出了目前存在的问题,对今后工作提出了自己的看法。  相似文献   

考虑土-结构相互作用和岩土参数不确定性的核电厂结构地震响应分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李忠献  李忠诚  梁万顺 《地震工程与工程振动》2006,26(2):143-148

针对核电厂结构,在考虑土-结构相互作用(SSI)的情况下进行随机地震反应分析,探讨地基岩土参数的不确定性对反应堆厂房楼层反应谱(FRS)的影响。运用ANSYS软件模块建立核电厂(NPP)结构有限元模型,通过设置边界弹簧单元和阻尼装置来考虑SSI效应;并且通过设置具有概率意义的弹簧刚度和阻尼系数,来模拟土特性参数的不确定性。随机响应分析与确定性分析的结果对比,揭示了岩性地基条件下SSI效应对核电厂FRS的影响以及地基岩土参数不确定性对FRS的影响程度。研究表明,在岩性地基条件下,亦不应忽略SSI效应;考虑SSI效应的随机分析模型同确定性模型相比,二者的分析结果较为接近,两方法都可用于NPP的FRS敏感性分析评估之中,并可进行相互比照。  相似文献   

基于现行抗震规范的胡聿贤模型参数研究     

许谋奎  马人乐  张猛  张增军 《世界地震工程》2006,22(4):104-109

回顾了地震地面加速度随机过程模型,根据随机振动理论采用迭代方法求解出与我国现行《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2001)设计反应谱相对应的功率谱密度函数,选用胡聿贤功率谱密度函数拟合上述功率谱密度函数,运用非线性拟合技术给出了与规范对应的胡聿贤功率谱参数,可供这种模型作为地震地面运动输入时选用。  相似文献   

Threat level green: Conceding ecology for security in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mark Lawrence Schrad   《Global Environmental Change》2006,16(4):400-422

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the predicted scenarios of Central Asian water wars and catastrophic nuclear accidents have failed to materialize. However, the Aral Sea continues to shrink apace, and dangerous Soviet-built nuclear reactors have since proliferated in the former eastern bloc. These seemingly paradoxical outcomes can in part be attributed to the framing of these environmental issues as security matters by leading international regulatory, aid and lending institutions. Integrating these environmental concerns with the realist worldview of security studies systematically emphasized security dimensions at the expense of ecological concerns even amongst organizations distant from traditional defense affairs. This article proposes that international security strategy in this period is one of environmental appeasement defined as the systematic granting of ecologically unfriendly concessions in order to reduce short-term security risks. The article presents evidence that this appeasement strategy generated seemingly impressive results in terms of ameliorating short-term security risks, while actually exacerbating the underlying ecological situation. The article argues that while the foundational environmental risks remain unaddressed, the associated security threats have likewise not been ultimately resolved.  相似文献   

华北地区两个世代深部构造的识别及其意义——燕山运动与深部过程   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

邢作云  邢集善赵斌刘建华  袁晓萍 《地质论评》2006,52(4):433-441,i0001

通过对华北地区地震层析成像成果的研究，将其深部构造划分为三带：①大型软流圈上涌柱带，主要出现两个大型软流圈上涌柱；②过渡带，呈现4个小型软流圈上涌柱（软块）与岩石圈较厚区（硬块）相间的构造格局；③巨厚岩石圈带，为巨厚岩石圈（鄂尔多斯硬块）稳定区。依据岩石圈热力学衰减原理，一定体积的深部构造可存留200～300Ma之久，而传导人浅表的热量则扩散较快。故以大地热流值为主，结合浅层岩浆活动可将本区中生代与新生代的软流圈上涌柱区分开来：渤海湾柱、大同柱和南阳柱属新生代，邯郸柱、中条柱和吕梁柱则属于中生代燕山期。在此基础上，建立了燕山期深部构造与浅表岩浆构造活动关系的模式：在强大的分散热力作用下，软流圈上涌柱柱头中大量热浮物质向上熔蚀薄的岩石圈及下地壳，混染而主要形成中酸性岩及有关矿产；而在软流圈上涌柱与岩石圈的陡接触处，由于该处热力集中，致使幔源物质底侵下地壳，并再熔融上侵形成偏碱性-碱性杂岩及相应矿产。  相似文献   

几种电法仪器在地质勘查中的应用   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

蔡运胜  张宝华 《地质与勘探》2006,42(5):72-78

文章介绍了几类物探电法仪器的工作原理、技术特点和适用范围,强调了物探资料的合理解释必须与地质认识相结合的重要性,物探工作要做实做细,对物探原始资料要选择合理的方法与参量进行计算处理,结合一些具体的勘测实例,说明各种方法的有效性及其实际应用效果.  相似文献